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VAZ-1111 Oka ((ロシア語:''Ока'' ВАЗ (СеАЗ, КамАЗ)-1111)) is a city car designed in the Soviet Union in the later part of the seventies by AvtoVAZ. It entered production in 1988 powered by a SOHC two-cylinder engine. While developed at AutoVAZ by a team led by Yuri Kuteev,〔Thompson, p.261.〕 no production models were built there. Instead, manufacturing was outsourced to SeAZ factory in Serpukhov and ZMA in Naberezhnye Chelny (formerly owned by Kamaz and now owned by SeverstalAvto). Massive plans were in place for a new plant in Yelabuga, but these failed to materialize. The car was also produced in Azerbaijan by the Gyandzha Auto Plant. The name comes from the Oka River in Russia upon which Serpukhov is situated. ==History== This affordable, lightweight and simple automobile replaced the air-cooled, rear-engined ZAZ Zaporozhets 966-968 series models as "the people's car". SeAZ factory specialized in building purpose-built vehicles for handicapped drivers and by the 1970s their offering was the SZD, a spartan, boxy two-seat sedan powered by a motorcycle engine. Despite being noisy and smoky, the SZD was, nevertheless, very popular with mobility-challenged drivers many of whom were WWII veterans and, being such, received their vehicles free of charge. When engineers in Serpukhov under factory manager Alexander Popov (who told ''Minavtoprom'' (the automotive ministry) SeAZ needed a new product)〔Thompson, p.261.〕 conceived the Oka, they turned to their VAZ colleagues for help. The project was approved in 1983.〔Thompson, p.261.〕 The tiny car was to be a replacement for the SZD, and, like its predecessor, featured a simple motorcycle engine. Andrei Rozov, one of lead engine designers at VAZ, proposed a new three-cylinder engine, but, due to time constraints, that engine was not developed, and the decision was made to employ a two-cylinder variant of VAZ 2108 four-cylinder engine by essentially chopping the latter in half. It was 1983, and the first Soviet front-wheel drive automobile, the 2108, was ready to hit the market. The Oka quickly became the next "people's car" project, a vehicle that "every factory engineer can afford". The inspiration for Yuri Vereschagin, VAZ exterior designer who penned the Oka, came from Japanese kei-cars such as the Daihatsu Cuore. Tightly restricted by project specifications, he did his work believing that his creation had little chance of seeing production. In the event, however, he was proven wrong, as the Oka's overall acceptable operating characteristics and low price resulted in some 700,000 examples rolling off the assembly line over a period of nearly two decades. At the 1989 Moscow International Motor Show, VAZ exhibited a battery-electric version known as the VAZ-111E. The car was produced on a special-order basis until 1998. The 120V worth of batteries were stored in the engine bay, beneath the seats and in the cargo bay, giving the car a range of approximately 100 km.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.electroauto.cz/lada.html )〕 As of 2006, there were four versions of Oka distributed: basic VAZ 11113 Oka made by either ZMA (Naberezhnye Chelny) or SeAZ factory (33 hp, max, 3.2 litres per 100 km), "custom" VAZ 11301 Astro (49 hp) and VAZ 11113-27 Toyma - a light delivery vehicle with a cargo compartment instead of two rear seats. Series production of the OKA ended in Russia in 2008 when SeAZ built the last batch of OKA's with Chinese EURO-2 engines. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Oka (automobile)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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